Effect of the HIV epidemic on liver cancer in Africa.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Harm reduction by use of buccalabsorption tobacco products (smokeless tobacco) is at the centre of the debate among health professionals dealing with tobacco-related issues, but uncertainties prevail. John Britton and Richard Edwards (Feb 2, p 441) suggest the establishment of a national nicotine regulatory authority. Nicotine replacement therapies reduce cigarette consumption, but we still do not know whether and to what extent smoking reduction, with or without nicotine replacement therapies, or cigarette substitution by other tobacco products decreases smoking-related morbidity and mortality compared with cessation. Reduction of harm from smoking can and should be seen as a recognition of the failure to get smokers off their drug. Britton and Edwards’ proposal raises some concerns because of the lack of defi nitive answers to a large number of questions. They list some of them, but miss the following: what are the specifi c populations in which these products have to be contraindicated? How do we control for adverse reactions? These products exist somewhere between being medicines and unreguEff ect of the HIV epidemic on liver cancer in Africa
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Lancet
دوره 371 9623 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008